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Scanning Probe Microscopy: Principles, Techniques, and Applications in Nanotechnology | #scanning Probe Microscopy

Scanning Probe Microscopy: Principles, Techniques, and Applications in Nanotechnology

Scanning Probe Microscopy: Principles, Techniques, and Applications in Nanotechnology

Scanning Probe Microscopy (SPM) is one of the most significant advances in nanoscale imaging and surface characterization. Since its development in the 1980s, SPM has enabled scientists and engineers to visualize, measure, and manipulate materials at the atomic and molecular levels.